This tutorial is structured as an ordered list of papers, books, and presentations to read, and software tools to try.

The information is presented in these topical subdivisions of literature.

1. Fundamentals and General Review
2. Information Theory and Physics
3. Information Theory and Bayesian Approaches
4. Information Theory and the principle of Maximum Entropy Production
5. Information Theory and Learning / Model building
6. Applications of Information Theory in the Earth Sciences